Rapid Object Naming measures the ability to rapidly name objects.Rapid Color Naming measures the ability to rapidly name colors.Rapid Letter Naming measures the ability to rapidly name letters.Rapid Digit Naming measures the ability to rapidly name numbers.Nonword Repetition measures the ability to repeat nonwords accurately.Memory for Digits measures the ability to repeat numbers accurately.Segmenting Nonwords measures the ability to segment nonwords into phonemes.Blending Nonwords measures the ability to synthesize sounds to form nonwords.Phoneme Isolation measures the ability to isolate individual sounds within words.Sound Matching measures the ability to select words with the same initial and final sounds.Blending Words measures the ability to synthesize sounds to form words.Elision measures the ability to remove phonological segments from spoken words to form other words.The CTOPP-2 has four principal uses: (1) to identify individuals who are significantly below their peers in important phonological abilities, (2) to determine strengths and weaknesses among developed phonological processes, (3) to document individuals' progress in phonological processing as a consequence of special intervention programs, and (4) to serve as a measurement device in research studies investigating phonological processing. The model for 4- to 6-year-old range was revised by adding rapid naming of digits and letters to this version, and reporting scores on both symbolic and non-symbolic rapid naming at this level. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out and justified the presence of rapid naming subtests on a test of phonological processing. A new phonological awareness subtest called Phoneme Isolation was added.The model of phonological processing abilities was clarified. The lower version of the CTOPP-2 now covers the 4- to 6-year-old range. The results of the item additions were so successful that it now is appropriate to administer the CTOPP-2 to 4-year-olds.
population.The floor effects present in the 5- and 6-year-old version of the first edition have been eliminated by the addition of easier items and the ceilings were extended by the addition of more difficult items. The demographic characteristics of the sample conform to those of the population reported in the Statistical Abstract of the United States, and are, therefore, representative of the U.S. The test was normed on 1,900 individuals ranging in age from 6 through 24 years. The query returned 4,287 results.Īll new normative data were collected in 20. The extent of its widespread adoption and usage is evident from the results of a recent search of the PsychInfo database for research studies using the terms Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing or CTOPP. It has been used in many studies of reading and phonological processing in both typical and clinical populations. Since its initial publication, the CTOPP has been popular with professionals in psychology and education. The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP) was published in 1999 to meet the need for an assessment of reading-related phonological processing skills.
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