) have shown that the "look-across" technique used by UML and ER diagrams is less effective and less coherent when applied to n-ary relationships of order strictly greater than 2.įeinerer says: "Problems arise if we operate under the look-across semantics as used for UML associations. Recent researchers (Feinerer, Dullea et al.
DIAGRMAS DE SECUENCIA STARUML ISO
Cardinality notation Īs with database Chen, Bachman, and ISO ER diagrams, class models are specified to use "look-across" cardinalities, even though several authors ( Merise, Elmasri & Navathe amongst others ) prefer same-side or "look-here" for roles and both minimum and maximum cardinalities. The standards it produced (as well as the original standard) have been noted as being ambiguous and inconsistent. Īfter the first release a task force was formed to improve the language, which released several minor revisions, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5. The result of this work, UML 1.1, was submitted to the OMG in August 1997 and adopted by the OMG in November 1997. During the same month the UML Partners formed a group, designed to define the exact meaning of language constructs, chaired by Cris Kobryn and administered by Ed Eykholt, to finalize the specification and integrate it with other standardization efforts. The UML Partners' UML 1.0 draft was proposed to the OMG in January 1997 by the consortium. The partnership also contained additional interested parties (for example HP, DEC, IBM and Microsoft). Under the technical leadership of those three (Rumbaugh, Jacobson and Booch), a consortium called the UML Partners was organized in 1996 to complete the Unified Modeling Language (UML) specification, and propose it to the Object Management Group (OMG) for standardization. They were soon assisted in their efforts by Ivar Jacobson, the creator of the object-oriented software engineering (OOSE) method, who joined them at Rational in 1995. Rational Software Corporation hired James Rumbaugh from General Electric in 1994 and after that the company became the source for two of the most popular object-oriented modeling approaches of the day: Rumbaugh's object-modeling technique (OMT) and Grady Booch's method. It is originally based on the notations of the Booch method, the object-modeling technique (OMT) and object-oriented software engineering (OOSE), which it has integrated into a single language. The timeline (see image) shows the highlights of the history of object-oriented modeling methods and notation. UML has been evolving since the second half of the 1990s and has its roots in the object-oriented programming methods developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. History of object-oriented methods and notation Before UML 1.0
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